Friction
Stack two books and starting tilting the bottom book - how far can you tilt it before the top book slides off? What's going on between the books up until that point, and what changes when the book starts sliding?
One of the most important forces we deal with every day but don't really think about is friction. Friction is the force between two surfaces that are in contact, and it always tries to prevent or oppose the motion between the surfaces. Friction is the reason that moving things eventually stop moving.
Why is friction so important? Sure, friction prevents your stuff from sliding off your desk or your chair from moving around. But friction is also what allows you to hold things and walk forwards, it allows cars to drive on a road, and pretty much everything that we're used to in everyday life.
If it's so important, why do we often see "ignore friction" in physics problems? We usually ignore friction for the same reason that we ignore air resistance (which is really just a type of friction) - it's an extra force that complicates things, so we study the motion caused by the other forces acting on an object first. But compared to air resistance, friction plays a bigger role in most physics problems and the equation for friction is much easier to work with.
In this lesson we'll learn about the two most common types of friction: static friction and kinetic friction. We'll also learn how the friction force depends on the coefficient of friction and the normal force.
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What is friction and what does it do?
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Friction forces
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Direction of friction forces
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Surface roughness and coefficient of friction
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Types of friction: static and kinetic
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What is a static friction force?
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Direction of a static friction force
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Magnitude of a static friction force
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Maximum static friction force
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Equation for the maximum static friction force
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Summary
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Example problem: force applied to a box
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What is a kinetic friction force?
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Direction of a kinetic friction force
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Magnitude of a kinetic friction force
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Using the kinetic friction force equation
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Example problem: kinetic friction on an incline
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Recap of static and kinetic friction
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Zoomed in transition from static friction to kinetic friction
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Graph of static and kinetic friction
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Kinetic friction is always less than the maximum static friction
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Example problem: static and kinetic friction
Answers
Free-Response Questions
Friction
- Professor Dave - Frictional Forces: Static and Kinetic
- Khan Academy - Intuition on static and kinetic friction comparisons
- Michel van Biezen - What is the Friction Force
- Dynamics Demo: Inclined Plane
- Michel van Biezen - Friction Force Graphical Representation
- Khan Academy - Static and kinetic friction example
- Michel van Biezen - Friction Force on a Slanted Surface
Stack two books and starting tilting the bottom book - how far can you tilt it before the top book slides off? What's going on between the books up until that point, and what changes when the book starts sliding?
One of the most important forces we deal with every day but don't really think about is friction. Friction is the force between two surfaces that are in contact, and it always tries to prevent or oppose the motion between the surfaces. Friction is the reason that moving things eventually stop moving.
Why is friction so important? Sure, friction prevents your stuff from sliding off your desk or your chair from moving around. But friction is also what allows you to hold things and walk forwards, it allows cars to drive on a road, and pretty much everything that we're used to in everyday life.
If it's so important, why do we often see "ignore friction" in physics problems? We usually ignore friction for the same reason that we ignore air resistance (which is really just a type of friction) - it's an extra force that complicates things, so we study the motion caused by the other forces acting on an object first. But compared to air resistance, friction plays a bigger role in most physics problems and the equation for friction is much easier to work with.
In this lesson we'll learn about the two most common types of friction: static friction and kinetic friction. We'll also learn how the friction force depends on the coefficient of friction and the normal force.
Lesson Summary
The text delves into various practice problems related to friction, with a focus on the coefficient of static and kinetic friction, acceleration of blocks under different forces, and analyzing graphs showcasing the relationship between applied force and friction. The scenarios provided are accompanied by detailed explanations and solutions to the problems. Key concepts covered include:
- Static and kinetic friction
- Normal forces
- Gravitational forces
- Impact on the motion of objects on rough surfaces
The problems involve calculations related to friction forces, acceleration, and coefficients of friction based on given conditions. Friction, a force that opposes motion, involves different types of friction forces:
- Static friction
- Kinetic friction
- Rolling friction
Additionally, the text explains that friction forces come in pairs as per Newton's 3rd law of motion. The maximum static friction force is determined by the coefficient of static friction between surfaces and the normal force. It transitions to kinetic friction when the applied force exceeds the maximum static friction force, with the coefficient of kinetic friction determining the kinetic friction force.
In terms of the types of friction discussed:
- Static friction pertains to objects at rest
- Kinetic friction relates to objects in motion
- Rolling friction concerns the force on a rolling object on a surface
The text also presents practical problem-solving exercises involving calculating friction forces, coefficients of friction, effects of applied forces on objects, block sliding on rough surfaces, and frictional forces in varied scenarios. In conclusion, it offers a thorough examination of friction concepts and reinforces learning through application in problem-solving.
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